But의 용법

But의 용법 [필리핀어학연수]

[필리핀어학연수]

A. 등위접속사 :「그러나」

This is a small but comfortable hotel.

Summer is hot, but winter is cold.

※ not A but B = B, (and) not A :「A가 아니라 B」

A whale is not a fish but a mammal.

= A whale is a mammal, not a fish.  

B. 종속접속사

1. 부정어 ～ but

「…않고는 ～안 하다」⇒「～하면 반드시 …하다」

(= without ～ing)

It never rains but it pours.

= It never rains without pouring.

I never pass there but I think of you.

= I never pass there without thinking of you.

2. 부정어 ～ so/such ― but

「…못할 정도로」(= so/such ― that … not)

No man is so old but he may learn.

= No man is so old that he may not learn.

He is not such a fool but he knows it.

= He is not such a fool that he does not know it.

3. 가정법 + but (that) + 직설법

「～하지 않으면」(= if ～ not)

I would help you but (that) I am busy.

= I would help you if I were not busy.

I would have helped you but (that) I didn't have time.

= I would have helped you if I had had time.  

C. 관계대명사 :「～하지 않는」(= that/who ～ not)

선행사에 부정어가 있는 경우 부정의 관계사절을 대신

There is no rule but has exceptions.

= There is no rule that does not exceptions.

There is no one but knows it.

= There is no one who does not know it.  

D. 전치사 :「～외에는, ～을 제외하고」(= except)

보통 부정대명사․의문사 뒤에 쓰인다.

Anyone but a fool would understand.

Nobody but me attended the meeting.

※ 관용표현

.ⅰ) all but :「거의」(= almost)

nothing but :「단지」(= only)

anything but :「결코 ～아니다」(= never)

He is all but dead.

He is nothing but a student.

He is anything but a hero.

.ⅱ) cannot but + 원형

= have no choice/alternative but + to+원형

「～하지 않을 수 없다」

I cannot but laugh.

= I have no choice/alternative but to laugh.

.ⅲ) but for + 명사, 가정법 :「～이 없다면/없었다면」

But for sunlight, we could see nothing.

= If it were not for the sunlight, we could see nothing.

But for your help, he would have failed.

= If it had not been for your help, he would have failed.

E. 부사 :「단지, 오로지」(= only)

He is but a child.

Life is but an empty dream.

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