동사
(1) 동사네 집안사람들
우리말 - 나는 당신을 좋아한다.
영어 - I love you.
자동사 I go to school.
타동사 I broght her here.
완전자동사 A baby cries. SV 1
불완전자동사 She looks pretty. SVC 2
완전타동사 She sang a song. SVO 3
불완전타동사 She made me happy. SVOO.C 5
+
수여동사 She gave me a cat. SVOI.OD.O 4
(2) 동사의 운명
동사의 운명은 정해지지 ✗
A hare runs fact.
I run a supermarket.
A big tree stands on the riverside.
I can't stand the pain.
I discussed about my wedding matter. ✗
☞ I discussed my wedding matter. 〇
The thief entered the room.
The president didn't attend the meeting.
“ 나는 그녀와 결혼했다. ”
I married with her. ✗ 나는 그녀와 함께 결혼했다. 같은 장소에서 함께 결혼
☞ I married her. 〇
☞ I was married to her. 〇 수동태
I was married to her last year.
I got married to her last year.
(3) 동사의 시제
[ 현재 ]
1. 현재에 동작이 미치는 일
Don't mister me.
2. 현재의 상태
She's ugly.
3. 현재에 영향을 미치는 습관적인 동작
He smokes everyday.
4. 불변의 진리
The sun rises in the east.
Our love is forever. > Our love will be forever.
5. 떠나다, 도착하다(왕래발착동사)
She arrives here tonight.
arrive = get to
6. 조건을 나타내는 부사절 if, when
If it rains tomorrow, I won't go to New York.
[ 과거 ] I wasn't born yesterday.
1. 과거의 습관
He would go shopping with her.
would = will의 과거형 ; -하곤 했었다.
2. 역사
Columbus discovered America in 1492.
3. 과거완료 대용
그는 그의 강아지를 때리고 나서 소주를 마셨다.
After he beat his puppy, he drank SoJu. 〇
After he had beaten his puppy, he drank SoJu. 〇
[ 미래 ]
<단순미래> <의지미래>
shall will will - 긍정문 - will shall shall
shall shall shall - 의문문 - shall will shall
I will die. (=I will kill myself)
I shall die.
You shall die.
= I will let you die.
= I will make you die
= I will kill you.
Shall I go?
Seek, and you shall find. 예언
He will not say a word at table. 습관
The door won't open. 고집
be going to = be about to
I'm going to marry her.
Q. Will Will make his will at his will?
[ 완료 ]
1. 현재완료
have +과거분사
과거의 어떤 시점을 기준으로 해서 말하는 현재 순간까지 동작이 완료
과거에 출발해서 현재까지 계속되는 것
I have finished my home work.
I finished my homework.
① 완료 just, now, already, today
I've done the work.
② 경험 ever, never, often, before, once, ~ times
Have you ever been to KyungJoo?
have been to ; -에 가본 적이 있다.
Did you go to New York? 단순한 과거시제
Have you ever been to New York? 완료형
Have you gone to New York? ✗
have gone to ; -에 가고 없다.
☞ Has he gone to New York?
③ 결과
She has gone.
④ 계속 since, for, always, all one's life
She's been ill since last week.
He's been dead for ten years.
※ I have met her yesterday. ✗
yesterday, last week, ago just now(= a shot time ago) ☞ 과거시제
just, now ☞ 현재시제
2. 과거완료
had +과거분사
과거보다 더 앞선 과거(대과거)를 출발점으로 해서 과거까지 행해진 일
① 완료
When I got there, she had already been dead.
② 경험
I broke with the girl who my sister had introduced to me.
③ 결과
My wife had gone to bed before I came home.
④ 계속
He had loved his wife until he died.
나를 버리고 가시던 님은 10리도 못 가서 발병 났다.
He had not gone 10 Li before his feet hurt.
not - before ~ ; -하지도 않아 ~하다.
나를 보자마자 그녀는 기절하였다.
No sooner had she seen me than she fainted.
No sooner - than ~ ; -하자마자 ~하다.
= Hardly - when(before)~, Scarcely - when(before) ~, as soon as
3. 미래완료
will(shall) have + 과거분사
① 완료
I will have been married by 20.
② 경험
I shall have got married three times if I marry July.
③ 결과
I will have met her before I die.
④ 계속
We will have known her for full three years by July.
[ 진행형 ]
1. 현재진행형
be 동사 +동사의 원형 -ing ; 하고 있다
① 현재 진행 중
I'm having breakfast.
② 가까운 미래
We're having married soon.
2. 과거진행형
was(were) +동사의 원형 -ing ; 하고 있었다.
When I visited my friend, he was beating his wife.
3. 미래진행형
will(shall) be + -ing ; 하고 있을 것이다.
When I arrive at the White House, President Clinton will be having dinner with his wife.
4. 예외
< 상태동사 >
① 있다
I'm in Seoul.
② 가지다
I have an apple.
③ 속하다
You belong to me.
resemble, love, know, hope, want, believe, remember
※ We're having dinner. 〇
< 지각동사 중 무의지동사 > - 의지적 행위를 나타낼 때는 진행 시제 가능
hear, see, small, feel
※ We're seeing the night sights of New York. 〇
look, watch, listen +진행형
listen 의지에 의한 동작 Listen to me, OK?
hear 가만히 있어도 들리는 것 He's hard of hearing.
