1. 알아두어야 할 속담
① Easy come, easy go. (쉽게 들어오는 돈은 쉽게 나간다.) ② Strike the iron while it grows hot. ( 기회를 놓치지 마라.)
     = Make hay while the sun shines. ③ One swallow does not make a summer.(한 마리의 제비가 여름을 만드는 것은 아니다) ④ A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
    = An egg of today is better than the fowl of tomorrow. ⑤ When the cat is away, the mice will play.(호랑이 없는 곳에 토끼가 왕이다.) ⑥ Cut your coat according to your cloth. (분수에 맞게 살라.) ⑦ Don't put off till tomorrow what you can do today. ⑧ Do to others as you would have them do to you. (대접받고 싶으면 먼저 남을 대접하라.) ⑨ As one sows, so must one reap. ⑩ The pot calls the kettle black.(뭐 묻은 개가 겨 묻은 개 나무란다.)      A little knowledge is dangerous thing. (선무당이 사람 잡는다.)      A bad workman blames his tools. (목수 연장 탓하다.)      No gains without pains. No gains, no pains. (노력 없이 성공하지 못한다.)      Well begun is half done. (시작이 반이다.)      Better bend than break. (꺾이느니 구부러지는 게 낫다.)      Every dog has his days. (쥐구멍에도 볕들 날 있다.)      Even Homer sometimes nods. (원숭이도 나무에서 떨어질 때가 있다.)

2. what 의 용법
① What you see, hear, smell, taste and feel is always the mother of new ideas. (=that which : ...하는 것) ② Give me what you have in your hand.(=all that : ..하는 모든 것) ③ He has made me what I am.(..와 비슷한 것, 사람) ④ Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.(A is to B what C is to D.) ⑤ What with overwork and what with money worries, he became ill. (what=부사로서 partly, somewhat)

  3. 관계 부사로 쓰이는 that
① Now is the time that you begin the road to success.(=when) ② This is not the way that I came last. (=by which) ③ Do you know anywhere that I can get a drink? (=where)

4. 동사 + A + of + B 유형 ♣ of : ⓐ 제거, 분리, 박탈 ⓑ 한정(..에 관해서) ⓐ . A famous doctor cured a child of a bad illness.      . They cleared the mountain of its trees.      . This tool relieved me of great pains.      . They robbed him of the money.      . This tall building deprives our house of sunlight.
ⓑ . This picture reminds me of my sister.      . She informed us of the news.

5. 4형식으로 착각하기 쉬운 동사 ※ 동사+A+to+B / 동사+A+with+B 1) He announced the news to us. 2) She introduced her sister to me 3) He described the scene to me. 4) He explained the accident to me. 5) He trusted me with the money 6) They provided us with food. 7) God endowed her with many talents.

  6. 전치사구 ---> 절로 문장전환
1) He was praised because of his honesty.      = He was praised ______________________________. 2) In spite of his poverty, he is rich in mind.      = ______________________, he is rich in mind. 3) Besides being intelligent, she is kind-hearted.      = She is _______ _______ intelligent _______ ______ kind-hearted. 4) Instead of waiting, he went away.      = He did not wait _____ went away.

  7. 의문문을 강조하는 어구
① Why on earth are you waiting for him? ② What the devil do you want me to do? ③ How in the world could you forget my birthday?

  8. 분사구문의 용법
① All covered with mud, her house was quite all right.      = All (        ) covered with mud,      = (      ) all were covered with mud, ② Born in a poor family, he couldn't have helped me.      = (      )(      ) born in a poor family,      = If he (      )(      )(      ) in a poor family, ③ Standing on the hill, her house commands a fine view.      = (      ) it stands on the hill, ④ Walking down the street, I saw a bird singing in a tree.      = (      ) I was walking down the street, ⑤ The train starts at 7, arriving in Seoul at 11.      = The train starts at 7, (      ) it arrives in Seoul at 11.

  9. 관용적으로 쓰는 복수 명사형
① shake hands ② give one's best regards to ( )      = remember someone to ③ be on good terms with ( )      be on _________ terms with (...와 말하고 지내는 사이이다)      be on _________ terms with (...와 방문하는 사이이다) ④ make friends with (...와 사귀다)      be friends with (...와 친구 사이이다) ⑤ change cars ⑥ play cards ( ), play billiards ( )

  10. 종속접속사 다음에 S + V 생략
① If an American doesn't shake hands when meeting an old acquaintance, he is not being impolite. (when he is meeting) ② Don't make noises, while eating. (while you are eating) ③ I will help you if possible. (if it is possible) ④ You may have a rest, if necessary. (=if it is necessary)

  11. 최상급 표현  {그는 세계에서 가장 위대한 학자이다.} ① 최상급 이용      a) He is the greatest scholar in the world.      b) He is the greatest of all the scholars in the world.
② 비교급 이용      a) He is greater than ______ ______ _______ in the world.      b) He is greater than ______ ______ _______ ________ in the world.      c) ______ ______ scholar in the world is greater than he.
③ 원급 이용      a) No other scholar in the world is _____ ______ _____ he.      b) He is as great as ______ ______ in the world.      c) He is as great a scholar as _____ _____.

  12. 소유의 `the' +-------------> 동사 + 사람 + 전치사 + the + 신체의 부분
ex) . He seized me by the sleeve.      . He hit me on the head.      . He patted me on the shoulder.      . She shot him through the heart.      . She kissed me on the lips.

  13. 강세와 발음에 주의할 형용사형
A.  ① habit --- habitual (습관적인)      ② labor ---- laborious (힘이 드는, 곤란한)      ③ admire --- admirable (감탄할 만한)      ④ lament --- lamentable (한탄할만한)      ⑤ imitate --- imitative (모방하는)      ⑥ industry --- industrial (산업의)      ⑦ resign --- resignation (사퇴)      ⑧ alcohol --- alcoholic (알코올성분의)      ⑨ create --- creature (피조물)      ⑩ photograph --- photography (사진술)

B.  ① famous --- infamous (악명 높은)      ② pious --- impious (경건치 못한)      ③ potent --- impotent (무기력한)      ④ migrate --- immigrate (이민 가다)

  14. 양보구문 ① 접속사 : though, although, even though, even if, if      ex) Though she is not smart, she is pleasant to look at. ② No matter + 의문사      ex) No matter what you will you say, no one believes you. ③ wh-ever : whatever, whoever, whichever, however...      ex) Whatever happens, I will go. ④ 명령형      ⓐ Be it ever so humble, there is no place like home.      ⓑ Try as you may, you can never do it in a week.      ⓒ Say what you will, no one believes him.      ⓓ Be it true or not, it is not worth considering.
⑤ 보어(형/부) + as + S + V      ex) Poor as he is, he will not do such a thing. ⑥ 분사구문      ex) Born in a poor family, he became a president. ⑦ 구 표현 : in spite of, with all, after all, despite, for all, against, notwithstanding      ex) In spite of a slight improvement in sales, the company is still making a loss. ⑧ 최상급 : . The wisest man does not know everything.      . Even the slightest, most trivial thing can bear a connection to the outcome.

  15. 분사구문 +----------->부사절을 분사를 이용하여 부사구로 바꾼 것. ▶해석방법 : 부사적 의미로 해석
① School is being over, they went home. (                                    ) ② Being busy, I couldn't attend the party. (                                    ) ③ Seen at a distance, she may pass for a woman of thirty. (                          )      Weather permitting, we shall start. (                               ) ④ Born in a poor family, he became a great man. (                               ) ⑤ My train starts at six, arriving in Seoul at eleven. (                               ) ⑥ Singing merrily, she walked along the shore. (                                     )      He sat near the stove, holding a book in his hand. (                          ) ⑦ He made a considerable fortune selling pictures. (                              )
문장전환 : 위의 분사구문을 부사절로 전환하라.

16. It ... that 강조구문
* 강조할 수 있는 품사 : 명사, 대명사, 부사,(단어, 구, 절) ------------------------------------+ | I met her in the park yesterday.|
|①      ②       ③             ④       | ① It was I that met her in the park yesterday. ② It was her that I met in the park yesterday. ③ It was in the park that I met her yesterday. ④ It was yesterday that I met her in the park.

  17. 계속적 용법의 when ------>(= and then )
     . I was proceeding in the direction of the swings, when I saw a boy.      . We had not walked a mile, when it began to rain.      . We had hardly arrived at the station, when the train began to move.      . I was thinking over the matter, when I heard my name called.

  18. 막연한 it 의 관용적 표현
① 주어로 쓰인 경우      . This is the way it goes. (세상 다 그런 거지 뭐)      . How goes it with you?      . It was all over with me.      . It it were not for water, nothing could live.
② 목적어로 쓰인 경우      . We must fight it out. (끝까지 싸우다)      . Hang it! (제기랄)      . You have to make it.      . I had a hard time of it.      . I had a good time of it.      . Take it easy.      . I couldn't help it.

  19. but 의 용법 +------------> ⓐ 그러나 ⓑ only ⓒ except ⓓ that + not(관. 대; 접속사)
ex) 1) He could find all but one of his books.( )      2) He is all but dead. ( )      3) He is anything but a poet. ( )      4) I couldn't but do it. ( )      5) There is no mother but loves her children. ( )      6) It never rains but it pours. ( )      = __________ it rains, it always pours.      7) He didn't go there in person, but sent his assistant.      = _______ _______ going there in person, he sent his assistant.

  20. 관용적으로 복수형을 쓰는 경우
① Many people live in the suburbs. ② Subways take workers from their homes on the outskirts to factories in the city. ③ I am friends with her.      I want to make friends with him. ④ I am on good terms with him.      I am on visiting terms with her. ⑤ shake hands ___________      change cars ___________      change hands __________ (주인이 바뀌다) ⑥ a pair of (trousers, scissors, glasses, shoes, etc)

21. against 의 용법
① Are you for or against the plan? ( ) ② The crocodile is very well protected against its enemies. ( ) ③ Hailstorms are beating against the windows. ( ) ④ A huge tree was seen against the blue sky. ( ) ⑤ A gentleman is leaning against the wall. ( ) ⑥ Against his poverty, he became a great man. ( )

  22. 유사보어
. 완전동사에 보어가 와서 주어의 상황, 상태 혹은 결과를 설명 ※ . 명칭 : 유사보어, 준 보어, 유리된 주격보어, 의사보어 . 해석 방법 : 주어가 {...한 상태에서, ... 인 채로}
     . I went away a girl, and have come back a woman.      . He returned home a changed man.      . He lived a saint and died a martyr.      . The snow fell deep.      . He went away quite satisfied.      . The child was born dead.      . Men are created equal.      . The ground was frozen hard.      . A door banged open and slammed shut.      . The sun came out hot.      . He came out the room alive.      . The lion was caught alive.      . The boy was beaten black and blue.      . The thief ran away quite unobserved.      . Her legs were burned brown.      . The door was painted white.

  23. what 의 용법
① Give me what you have in your hand. (=the thing which, that which) ② I gave the beggar what little money I have. (= all that) ③ Say what you will, I will do it. ( ) ④ what with overwork, and what with money worries, he became ill. (부사:partly)      = Half through overwork and half through money worries, ⑤ Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body. ⑥ The old man is not what he was. ⑦ Not a day comes but what makes a change. ⑧ What he has suffered! (감탄문) ⑨ Ask him what he wants to be when he grows up. (직업) ⑩ and what not : and so on

  24. make it possible for + 사람 = enable 사람 + to do
1) Airplanes make it possible for us to travel fast.      = Airplanes enable us to travel fast.      = We can travel fast thanks to airplanes.
2) Korea's geographical position has made it possible for neighboring countries to watch carefully.      = Korea's geographical position has enabled neighboring countries to watch carefully.
3) His poverty made it impossible to continue his study.      = His poverty disabled him to continue his study.      = He couldn't continue his study due to his poverty.

  25. 주격보어로 쓰이는 of + 명사
1) This cake taste of salt. 2) This room smells of paint. 3) He and I are of an age. 4) They are of a size. 5) I am of the opinion that he is not honest.      = I have the opinion that he is not honest.

  26. 강조용법의 That's ... ※ 강조구문 (내리쳐서 해석함)--- {바로 그러한 이유로.....하다} ▶ That's where ... ▶ That's when ... ▶ That's how... ▶ That's because ... ▶ That's why...
▶응용 독해 a) That's just where you are mistaken. b) That's how the accident took place. c) That's because I love you. d) That's why I didn't open my mouth.

  27. home 의 주요 관용적 용법
1) he is at home in English.     cf. He is at home in England.(그는 영국에서는 편안하다) 2) Make yourself at home. 3) We should bring home to children the value of reading. 4) The sorrow of his death come home to her

  28. as well as 용법 ① Giant pandas travel in airplanes as well as anybody. ② She is intelligent as well as beautiful. ③ I am as well as any member of my family.     cf. well의 품사     a) (adv) : 잘 b) (adj) : 건강한     d) (n) : 우물 d) (v) : 샘이 솟다

  29. in / into ① I went into the restaurant and ordered my meal.     I went in and ordered my meal.     I went in the restaurant and ordered my meal. (x) ▶ 목적어가 없는 경우에는 부사 in을 쓰며, 목적어가 오는 경우에는 into 를 쓴다. ② They broke into my house last night.     They broke in last night. ③ Come in!     He came into my room.

  30. 부정사의 의미상의 주어 표현 방법
(1) It is difficult to master a foreign language in a few years. (=for us to master) ☞ 일반인이 주어 (2) He has to go to a lot of different places and then go to his office to write his story. ☞ 문장의 주어가 되는 경우 (3) I want you to attend the meeting.     I expect you to come back soon. ☞ 문장의 목적어가 의미상의 주어인 경우 (4) It's my habit to take a walk at six in the morning. ☞ 문장 안에서 간접적으로 밝혀지는 경우 (5) You may not know how much work it is for your paper to get to you on time. ☞ for + 목적어의 형태인 경우 (6) It is kind of you to say so.     It is unwise of you to reject his favor. ☞ of + 목적어 인 경우

  31. get + pp 의 용법
① I shall be getting married in April. ② She got hurt in the accident. ③ His hand got caught and crushed by the machine. ▶ 구어에서는 be+pp 대신 get+pp가 많이 쓰인다.

  32. ...를 ...하도록 설득시키다 +------> persuade, convince, encourage, invite, prevail on
ex) ① I might persuade my parents to think as I do.         =I might persuade my parents into thinking as I do.     ② We convinced her to stay.         =We prevailed on her to stay.         = We persuaded her into staying.     ③ She encouraged him to do the work.         =She invited him to do the work.

  33. ever 를 이용한 양보절
(1) Whatever you may go, you can't find a cheaper one.     = No matter where you may go,     = Go where you will, (2) Whatever may come, I'll do my best.     = No matter what may come,     = Come what will,
(3) However hard you may try, you can't beat me in playing tennis.     = No matter how hard you may try,     = Try as you may,
(4) However humble it may be, there is no place like home.     = No matter how humble it may be,     = Be it ever so humble,
(5) Wherever he may be, he'll feel lonely.     = No matter where he may be,     = Let him be where he may,

  34. From A to B 의 유형
(1) They live from hand to mouth. (2) They come to see us from time to time. (3) He begged from door to door. (4) Butterflies flutter from flower to flower. (5) He works hard from morning to (till) night. (6) In autumn most leaves turn from green to brown or yellow.

  35. consider 의 뜻으로 쓰이는 주요 표현 (1) You should take into account someone else's wishes.     = You should take someone else's wishes into account.
(2) We made allowances for his youth.     = We allowed for his youth.     = We took his youth into consideration.     = We consider his youth.

  36. 무생물 주어 구문 (1) The strange disguise made him look both comic and sad.     = He looked both comic and sad on account of the strange disguise.
(2) Illness prevented him from going out.     = He couldn't go out because of illness.
(3) An airplane enables us to travel fast.     = We can travel fast thanks to an airplane. (4) The next morning found him dead in the cave.     = He was found dead in the cave next morning.
(5) His successive failure discouraged him.     = He was discouraged because he had failed successively.
(6) This lower rate of reproduction brings them into balance with their food.     = They bring themselves into balance with their food. thanks to this lower rate of reproduction.

  37. 명사에 접미어 -ed를 붙여서 사용하는 형용사 (1) He is short-sighted. (2) She is long-sighted. (3) The one-eyed Jack. The bare-footed boy (4) a deep-rooted prejudice

  38. 관계대명사의 계속적 용법 (1) The old man, who is poor, is quite contented.
    (= though he is poor,)
(2) I want to buy this car, which is streamlined and economical.
    (= as it is streamlined and economical.)
(3) I won't make friend with anyone, whose character is of poor quality.
    (= if his character is of poor quality.)
(4) Two boys should be chosen, who might represent their high school.
    (= so that they might represent their high school.)
(5) They offered me a good proposal, which I declined.
    (= and I declined it.)

39. 동격구문
① that절 ---> of + N/ing ② fact, idea, notion, possibility, doubt, rumor, chance, suggestion, likelihood, chance, chances( ),news ③ 선행사 나 동격의 명사가 가끔 분리될 경우가 있다. ex) . The day came when I had to go back.     . The story is old that ........
* 기타예문 a) They asked me the question what to do next. (= What they should do next) b) She has a single hope to become a musician. (= that she will become a musician) c) He killed his prisoner -- a barbarous act. d) He lives in the city of Pusan. e) He gave up the idea of borrowing money. f) He lives a palace of a house.

40. -ware : 제품, 세공품
. software, hardware . tinware : 주석세공 . ironware(=ironwork) . waxwork (납세공 ) . chinaware (도자기제품 ) . needlework : 자수, 수놓은 제품 . tableware : 식기류 . metalwork : 금속제품 . kitchenware ( ) . woodwork ( ) . earthenware ( ) . silverware ( ) . glassware ( ) ▶pottery, porcelain, stoneware, earthenware

41. effect
① in effect : ⓐ in operation ⓑ in fact ex) . The old system of taxation will remain in effect until May.     (= hold _________ = remain v_________)     . The response was in effect a __________(거절). ② into effect : into operation     come into effect(자) bring ... into effect(타) ③ to the effect that... : ...라는 취지로 ④ for effect : 효과를 노리고 ⑤ special effects : _____________________     personal effects : ______________________

42. 관계사의 계속적 용법
▶모든 관계사는 일단 순차적(앞에서부터)해석을 하는 것을 원칙으로 하기 바람 ▶계속적 용법 -----> 부사적 의미 내포(이, 조, 때, 동, 양, 계, 목, 결,정)
ex) ⓐ I want to employ him, who is very diligent. (=_________ _________) ⓑ I don't want to employ him, who is diligent. (= _______ he is diligent.) ⓒ He offered me a good proposal, which I declined. ⓓ He called on me at 5, when I was about to leave. ⓔ He arrived in Seoul, where we stayed for a week.

43. worth  {이 책은 읽을 가치가 있다.} 를 영작하시오.
① This book in worth reading. ② This book is ______ of reading. ③ It is worth ______ ______ ______ this book.(부정사) ④ It is worth reading this book. cf) make it worth one's while to do : 노고에 보답하다 ex) Please do it, I'll make it worth your while.

44. not ... until : ...하고 나서야 비로소 ...하다
① The modern novel did not begin to appear until the 18th century. ② Not until _____________________________________________________. ③ It was _______________ that ___________________________________. ④ The modern novel began to appear only after the 18th century. ⑤ Only after ____________________________________________________. ⑤ It was _________________ that _________________________________.

45. 형용사형으로 오인하기 쉬운 명사
. rental ( ) . characteristic ( ) . detective ( ) . relative ( ) . alternative ( ) . incentive ( )

46. about와 의미가 같은 것 |+--------------> about, on, over, of ,for, concerning, regarding. as regards, as to, as for, respecting, with respect to, with regard to

47. ...은 말할 것도 없고
▷ not to speak of = to say __________ of = _______ ______     = not to __________ = much more/less = ________ more/less

48. momentum
ⓐ (tech) the quantity of movement in a body, measured by multiplying its mass by its speed (운동량) . As the rock rolled down the mountainside, it gathered momentum. (=move faster and faster)
ⓑ the force gained by the movement or development of events . The struggle for independence is gaining momentum every day.

49. 불을 놓다 +-. set fire to (the house); set (the house) on fire | . catch fire : ____________ | . (타) make a fire, build a fire, kindle, light, ignite +-. 불 붙기 쉬운 : combustible, inflammable

50. 동사 + one's way : ... 하면서 나아가다 . feel one's way ( ) . beg one's way ( ) . pay one's way ( ) . earn one's way : 자립하면서 나아가다 . push one's way ( ) . make one's way ; ▶응용독해 a) Baby crocodile has special sharp teeth with which to break their way out of the shells. b) Mr. Kim paid his way through a college with honors.

51 live off
※ (가끔 품위 없게 사용되어) : to get one's food or income from ▷ He is nearly 30 and he still lives off his parents. ▷ We were in enemy territory and had to live off the land.     (=get food from fields and trees, by killing animals, etc.)

52. keep의 개념 : 어떤 상태 그대로 유지하다 ▶ keep| the change ( )
           | off the grass ( )
           | left ( )
           | calm ( )
           | one's temper : 화를 내지 않다
           | out of trouble : 곤란한 일에 끼지 않다
           | going ( )
           | the promise ( )
           | the dog from coming
           | the secret | ____________ : 일기를 쓰다
           | a small house
           | house : 살림을 하다
           | my teeth clean : ⑤형식

▶keep ... to oneself (자기에게만)     want ... to oneself     have ... to oneself ex) . She kept her old memory to herself.     . She wanted the television to herself.     . She had the room to herself.

53. as 의 용법
① She was as pale as could be.(그녀는 창백할 대로 창백했다) ( ) ② As you sow, so you shall reap.(양태) ③ Leave it as it is.( ) ④ As he grew older, he became more silent.(비례)     = _______ age, he became more silent. ___ 안에 적당한 전치사는? ⑤ As he often lies, I can't believe him.( ) ⑥ Boy as he is, his face is pretty like a girl.( ) ⑦ If I had been present, as I was not, I should have asked for an explanation.
        (대비, 주석: 사실은 ...인데) ⑧ Have you heard any particular news? -- No, not as I remember.(한정:...하는 한)

54. take down : 기록하다, 기입하다 | +------------> note down, jot down, write down

55. side-effect : 부작용
▶side-benefit : 부수적 혜택  sidewalk : 인도, 보도
▶aftercare : 산후조리  aftereffect : 여파  afterlife : 여생, 내세  aftershock : ( )  aftershave afterthought : 뒷궁리

56. as if 의 용법
. as if + 가정법/직설법 ⓐ The child talks as if he were a man. (사실의 반대 상황) ⓑ He seems as if he is sick. (사실이 미확인 상황)

57. roughly
① 거칠게 ② 대충 얘기하면(잡아 보면) . (syn) at a conservative estimate, a ball-park figure . Can you give me a rough idea? (대충 얼마나 가는지 알려달라)   = Can you give me a ball-park figure?

58. and 의 용법
① Talk of devil, and he will come.     A step further, you will topple down. ② He promised to come, and he didn't turn up. (=but) ③ The sun came out, and the grass died.(이유 : 그래서) ④ He said he would be more careful, and that he would study harder.(부가) ⑤ He came and see me.(=부정사 to) (=He came to see me.)
    ▶come, learn, try, mind 다음에 and 가 올 때 ⑥ There are women and women. (반복)
    ▶miles and miles, years and years, again and again

59. make it : 성공하다
▷ succeed, come off well, go off well

60. despite : ...임에도 불구하고
▶ 양보구문 ① 접속사 : though, although, even though, even if, if     ex) Though she is not smart, she is pleasant to look at. ② No matter + 의문사     ex) No matter what you will you say, no one believes you. ③ wh-ever : whatever, whoever, whichever, however...     ex) Whatever happens, I will go. ④ 명령형 ⓐ Be it ever so humble, there is no place like home. ⓑ Try as you may, you can never do it in a week. ⓒ Say what you will, no one believes him. ⓓ Be it true or not, it is not worth considering. ⑤ 보어(형/부) + as + S + V     ex) Poor as he is, he will not do such a thing. ⑥ 분사구문     ex) Born in a poor family, he became a president. ⑦ 구표현 : in spite of, with all, for all, after all, despite, for all, against, notwithstanding     ex) I spit of a slight improvement in sales, the company is still making a loss.

61. Never 와 같은 말

= never = not ...at all = by no means = not ...whatever = far from = anything but
= on no account = simply not
ex) His salary is not nearly enough to support his family.

62. not only A but also B
▷ B as well as A = a, B as well = both A and B     = at once A and B = a, and besides, B
▶ 음식뿐만 아니라 돈도 . not only food but also money     = food, and besides, money     = money as well as food

63. be to 용법
① The treasure was not to be seen. ( ) ② Such hardships are not to be borne. ( ) ③ Not a sound was to be heard. ( ) ④ The book is not to be got even in Seoul. ( ) ⑤ The fact is not to be denied. ( ) ⑥ The temptation is not to be resisted. ( ) ⑦ The weight of it is not to be measured. ( )

64. 비교급강조 부사
. much, far, by far, even, still, a lot . very (x) . The air in the tropics contains much more moisture than the air at the poles.

65. have an effect on : ...에 영향을 미치다
. have an influence on   = have an impact on   = __________(한 단어로)

66. be sure of 와 be sure to
. He is sure of passing the exam.(주어의 확신) . He is sure to pass the exam.(화자의 확신)     = I am sure that he will pass the exam.     = I am sure of ______ ______ the exam.     = _________ he will pass the exam.     = He will ________ pass the exam.     = It is certain that ______________________.

67. 부정어구의 도치
▷ 부정어구 + 조동사/do/be + S+V
(1) Not a word did he say. (2) Never have I seen such a sight. (3) Little did I think that he will come back. (4) He cannot do it. Neither can I. (5) Not only does he read English, but he speaks it very well. (6) Never was he asleep. (7) Under no circumstances should you leave here.

68. 부사구의 도치   ▷ S+V+부사구 --> 1) 부사구 +S+V (S: 대명사) 2) 부사구 +V+S (S에 수식어구가 있을 때) 3) 부사구 +조동사/do/be+S+V
(1) Away flew the bird. Away it flew. (2) Into the very valley ran swiftly a beast whose name was unknown to us. (3) To our country and brethren we must devote ourselves. (4) Without air, food, water and liberty we cannot exist.

69. 보어의 도치 (a) 강조를 위한 주격보어 도치 (b) 목적어가 길 때 목적보어 도치
(1) Seriously wounded they came back. (2) Machines have made possible the mass production of all kinds of goods.

70. 목적어의 도치
▷ 목적어 +S+V (1) What must be done you must do well. (2) What would be the outcome of the contest nobody knew.

71. 삽입구문
(1) My brother will, I am sure, pass the examination this time. (2) This is, as far as I know, the whole truth. (3) He is, as it were, a sleeping lion. (4) He is, I think, over sixty years of age. (5) He is, I believe, a reliable man. (6) He is the man who I think is very honest. (7) He is a millionaire, I'm told.

72. 공통관계
(1) He is not and cannot be what he was.     (= He is not what he was and cannot be what he was.)
(2) A man of virtue and not a man of wealth deserves our respect.     (= A man of virtue and not a man of wealth deserves our respect.)

73. 부가를 나타내는 문장부사
  in addition, moreover, not only that, furthermore, what is more, on top of that, as well as that, besides that
74. 빈도부사
(1) most of the time = usually (2) all the time, all of the time = always (3) some of the time = sometimes (4) hardly ever = seldom (5) much of the time = often

75. come to + N 의 용법 : ... 하게되다
▷ come to an end, come to stop, come to a halt : 멈추다, 끝나다     come to a conclusion : 끝나다, 결론으로 달하다     come to mind : 생각나다     come to nothing : 헛수고로 끝나다     come to oneself : 의식을 회복하다     come to someone's aid/assistance/aid : ... 을 도와주다     come to an agreement : 동의하다     come to blow : 싸우기 시작하다

76. go to + N 의 용법 ▷ go to waste : 낭비되다     go to extremes : 극단으로 가다     go to great pains : 무척 수고하다     go to pieces : 조각나다, 정신적으로 무너지다     go to trial : 재판 받다

77. 미래표현

① will + 동사원형 ② will be ...ing ③ be going to ④ 현재시제 ⑤ 현재진행형 ⑥ be to 부정사 ⑦ be about to
(1) will+RV : 앞으로 일어날 일을 미래에 관점을 두고 예측할 때 (2) be going to : 현재에 관점을 두고 있음. (a) 앞으로 어떤 일이 일어나리라는 것을 예측할 수 있게 하는 원인과 징후를 나타냄 (b) 현재의 의도 (∼할 작정이다)     . What are you going to do tonight?     . There are going to be a storm in a minute. (3) 현재진행형 : 앞으로 어떤 일이 일어나게끔 현재 준비가 다 마련되어 있음을 뜻함     * 이동동사 : leave, move, stay, come, start     . My aunt's coming to stay with us.     . We're leaving today.     . He's moving to Seoul.     cf) 1) I am going to get married. (의도)         2) I am getting married. (약혼, 결혼 날짜 등이 이미 정해져있음) (4) 미래진행형 : 현재의 상황으로 보아 특정인의 의지나 의도에 관계없이 그렇게 되게 마련인 미래     . The train will be arriving at 8:00.     . I'll be living in New York this time next year. (5) 현재시제 : 미래에 일어날 일이 확고부동한 사실처럼 간주될 때, 또는 예정이나 미래의 계획이 변동될 수 없는 확고한 것일 때.     . Tomorrow is Saturday.     . Next Christmas falls on Thursday. (6) be about to : 아주 가까운 미래 * 시간부사와 같이 쓰이지 않는다     . The president is about to make an important announcement.     . I feel something terrible is about to happen. (7) be to 부정사 : 공식적인 계획 전달     . The prime minister is to speak on TV tonight.

78. picture 의 용법
① The boy is the picture of his father. (= copy) ② She was the picture of happiness. (=화신, embodiment) ③ He was a perfect picture of a good-natured farmer. (= example) ④ The employment picture is much brighter than it was a year ago. (= situation) ⑤ He has a clear picture of the problem. (= understanding) ⑥ Ok, that's enough. Now I got the picture. (= to see, understand) ⑦ The present political picture in Korea gives much cause for anxiety. (= situation) ⑧ Most economists paint a dark picture of the failure of the world economy. (= representation) ⑨ Investigators who have studied very young children in school present a grim picture of early schooling. (= description) ⑩ I can't quite picture myself as a father. (= imagine)

79. otherwise 의 용법
① His answer could not be otherwise. (= different) ② It is otherwise with him. (= different, in other condition) ③ You think otherwise, don't you? (= in another way, in different way) ④ The rent is high, but otherwise the house is satisfactory. (= in other respects) ⑤ Otherwise, our team could have won the game. (= If not) ⑥ Do what you have been told, otherwise you will be punished. (= or else)

80. at all의 용법
① Do you have any money at all? (조금이라도) ② I don't agree with you at all. (조금도) ③ If help is to come, it must come soon. (어차피) ④ The wonder is that I am here at all. (어쨌든) ⑤ Is there any chance at all? (조금이라도)

81. free의 용법 ① His manner and speech are too free. (=licentious; 방종한) ② Do you have any rooms free? (= vacant; 빈) ③ The accused left the court a free man. (= liberated; 해방된) ④ He is free with his money. (= generous; 잘 쓰는) ⑤ You are free to stay as long as you like. (= 허용되는) ⑥ duty-free, free medicine (= 무료의) ⑦ free from charges (비난을 받지 않는), free from disease (= ...이 없는) ⑧ I am free to confess. (자진해서 ...하는) ⑨ You are very free in blaming others. (= 지나치게 ...하는)

82. there 구문
① There is a new house being built. ② There is some sugar left in the bottle. ③ There is to be demonstration held at six. ④ There are likely to many gaps in your wisdom. ⑤ There used to be a well here. ⑥ I expect there to be some counter example. ⑦ I can't imagine there being no bear. ⑧ There goes the bell.

83. to one's + 추상명사 : 누가 ... 하게도
▷ to my delight : 내가 기쁘게도     to my disappointment     to her sorrow     to his relief : 그가 안심이 되게도     to her shame     to her grief     to his regret     to his distress     to my cost : 쓰라린 경험을 하여     * as I know it to my cost : 쓰라린 경험을 하고 아는 것이지만     to my joy     to my surprise     to my satisfaction     to my anger     to my horror

84. give의 용법
▷ give an account of (설명하다), give a concert (연주회를 열다), give a cry (외치다), give a laugh (웃다), give a lesson (교습을 주다), give an order (명령하다), give a party (파티를 열다), give a try (해보다), give aid to (...를 도와주다), give birth to (낳다), give emphasis to (강조하다), give rise to (생기게 하다), give thought to (생각해보다)

85. effect
▷ for effect : 효과를 노리고     in effect : 1) 효력 있는 2) in fact     to the effect that : .... 라는 취지로     with effect : 효과적으로, 감명 깊게     effects : 동산

86. but that의 용법 ▷ But that there is water, we could not live. (= if not) ▷ I don't doubt but that you will succeed. (= that, 부정의미의 동사 다음) ▷ It cannot be but that something will happen.(... 하지 않을 수 없다; but that=that+not) ▷ It is impossible but that offenses will come. (... 할 수 없다)

87. good의 용법
① It is good two hours' drive from here. (= full) ② He says he's leaving the country for good. (= ever) ③ It is no good talking to such a fellow. (= use) ④ I'm telling you this for your own god. (= benefit) ⑤ Fish doesn't keep good in hot water. (= fresh) ⑥ It was very good of you to help them. (= kind) ⑦ I didn't know that you were so good at swimming. (= skilled) ⑧ Your driver's license is good for three years. (= effective) ⑨ She took to reading the Bible in good earnest. (= real) ⑩ I'll lend him ten dollars because I know he's good for the money. (= reliable)

88. be + 형/pp + of 구문 ▷ be afraid of be ashamed of     be aware of be glad of     be convinced of be fond of     be sure of be ignorant of     be proud of be fearful of     be disappointed of be certain of     be grateful of be confident of

89. above +N/∼ing의 용법
▷ 1) 우월하다, 중요하다 2) ∼하지 않다 3) ∼하는 것을 부끄러워하다
① Health is above wealth.     John is above all the other boys in his class.     His conduct was above all praise. (그의 행동은 이루 다 칭찬할 수 없을 정도다.)     He is above criticism. (그는 나무랄 데가 없다.) ② He is above telling a lie.     He is quite above such conduct. ③ You should not be above asking questions.     Anyone who would profit by experience will never be above asking help.

90. 요일, 날짜, 달을 묻는 표현
1) 요일? What day is it today? / What day is today? / What day of the week is it today?
2) 날짜? What's the date? / What day of the month is it today?
3) 달? What mo