▶ lie/lay
lie - lay - lain : (vi)「눕다, 놓여 있다」
lay - laid - laid : (vt)「눕히다, 놓다」
lie - lied - lied : (vi)「거짓말하다」
He lay on the bed and fell asleep.
He laid the book on the desk.
He lied to the boss and was fired.
※ lay an egg :「알을 낳다」
lay the foundation :「기초를 세우다」
lay emphasis on :「～에 중점을 두다, 강조하다」
▶ rise/raise/arise
rise - rose - risen : (vi)「오르다, 올라가다」
raise - raised - raised : (vt)「올리다」
arise - arose - arisen : (vi)「(사건․사고 등이) 발생하다」
The sun rises in the east.
He raised his right hand.
Accidents arise from carelessness.
※ raise a question/an objection :「문제/이의를 제기하다」
▶ sit/set/seat
sit - sat - sat : (vi)「앉다」
set - set - set : (vt)「놓다」
seat - seated - seated : (vt)「앉히다」
He sat on the chair.
He set it on the table.
Please seat yourself on the chair.
= Please be seated on the chair.
▶ fall/fell
fall - fell - fallen : (vi)「떨어지다」
fell - felled - felled : (vt)「쓰러뜨리다」
Prices are falling.
The woodman felled the tree.
▶ find/found
find - found - found :「발견하다」
found - founded - founded :「설립하다, 창설하다」
I found a dollar on the floor.
They collected funds and founded a school.
▶ hang
hang - hung - hung :「걸다, 매달다」
hang - hanged - hanged :「교수형에 처하다」
I hung a lamp from the ceiling.
The man was hanged for murder.
▶ affect/effect
affect :「영향을 미치다」(= influence)
effect :「초래하다, 일으키다」(= cause)
Cares affect the health.
Their efforts effected a change.
※ effect는 명사일 때「영향」의 뜻으로 쓰인다.
Cares have an effect on health.
▶ say/tell/talk/speak
① say
(V3) say that S + V
He said that she was a liar.
※ My watch says two o'clock.
(내 시계는 2시를 가리키고 있다.)
② tell
(V3) tell + O
tell + O + of/about
He told a lie/the truth/a joke.
We will tell him of/about the news.
(V4) tell + IO + DO
tell + O + that S + V
He told me the truth.
He told me that he was coming.
(V5) tell + O + to V :「명령하다」
He told me to do that.
③ talk/speak
(V1) talk/speak of[about, to, with]
May I talk/speak to Mr. Kim?
(V3) speak + 언어
He speaks English fluently.
기출문제
1. If he had laid quietly under the tree as he had been instructed to do, we would have found him. [단국대 2001-2]
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2. A: "Who is responsible for sending out misinformation?"
B: "Most of the fault _______ with the administration." [대구가톨릭대 2000-1]
(A) lays (B) is laying (C) had laid (D) lies
3. Although the freedom of the press was not officially adopted until 1791,
the famous Zenger trial of 1735 _______ the groundwork for insuring this precious freedom. [경기대 2000-2]
(A) lies (B) laid (C) lay (D) had lain
4. Food prices have raised so rapidly in the past few months that some families have been forced to alter their eating habits. (A) (B) (C) (D)[세종대 2000-1]
5. It is too late to _______ any objection. [안양대 99-2]
(A) do (B) raise (C) have (D) say
6. Don't _______ in that broken chair. [세종대 99-2]
(A) sit (B) set (C) sitting (D) sat
7. "When did the lecture begin?"
"When all the students _______, the professor began his lecture." [대구가톨릭대 99-1]
(A) were seated (B) seat (C) seated (D) sit
8. I sat the suitcase down in front of a hotel shop and called a taxi. [세종대 2001-2]
(A) (B) (C) (D)
9. One winter day when I was nine, carrying my books home from school across a snowy street
as the light was turning, I slipped and _______. [인하대 99-1]
(A) fell (B) felled (C) fall (D) falled
10. After working most of
